Any and all
‘Any and all’ কোন বাক্যে একসাথে ব্যবহৃত হলে তা হবে redundant কারণ এদের একটিই প্রয়োজনীয় meaning দিতে পারে; দুটোর দরকার হয় না।
Incorrect: Any and all of the logs can be used as firewood.
Correct: Any of the logs can be used as firewood.
Or, All the logs can be used as firewood.
Incorrect: The state will pay a bounty of $50 for any and all coyotes.
Correct: The state will pay a bounty of $50 for any coyotes.
Consensus of Opinion
Incorrect: The president’s explanation represented a consensus of opinion.
Correct: The president’s explanation represented a consensus.
Incorrect: The consensus of opinion is that the defendant is guilty.
Correct: The consensus is that the defendant is guilty.
Note: Consensus মানে হলো ’সকলের মতের ঐক্য’। তাই Consensus of opinion লেখা হলে তা হবে redundancy.
Equally as
Incorrect: John is equally as good.
Correct: John is equally good.
Incorrect: Taylor is equally as strong as Peterson.
Correct: Taylor and Peterson are equally strong.
Note: Equally word-টির সাথে as word-টি ব্যবহার করলে redundancy বা বাহুল্য দোষ সৃষ্টি হয়।
Individual person
Incorrect: Each individual person must handle the question.
Correct: Each person must handle the question.
Or, Each individual must handle the question.
Incorrect: Each student must take care of his individual self.
Correct: Each student must take care of himself.
Period of time, Lapse of time
Incorrect: We decided to stay for a short period of time in the little town.
Correct: We decided to stay for a short time in the little town.
Incorrect: A lapse of time occurred before we reached the scene.
Correct: A lapse occurred before we reached the scene.
Note: Period এবং lapse word দুটি এমনিতেই সময়ের ধারণা প্রকাশ করে থাকে; তাই এদের সাথে আবার time word যোগ করলে তা হয়ে যায় redundant. তবে যদি সময়ের নির্দিষ্ট পরিমাণ উল্লেখ করা হয় তাহলে time word যোগ করলে redundant হবে না।
We stayed for a period of two weeks.
A lapse of ten seconds occurred.
Refer back to
Incorrect: May I refer back to the lines on page 10?
Correct: May I refer to the lines on page 10?
Incorrect: He referred back to the matter of yesterday.
Correct: He referred to the matter of yesterday.
Note: Refer word-টির মধ্যেই back word-টির meaning নিহিত রয়েছে। তাই refer back লেখা হলে তা হবে redundant.
Repeat Again
Incorrect: The players are going to repeat the performance again.
Correct: The players are going to repeat the performance.
Note: Repeat word-টির মানেই হলো পুনর্বার করা। তাই repeat-এর পরে আবার again লেখা অযৌক্তিক।
Incorrect: The professor is going to repeat the lecture for the second time.
Correct: The professor is going to repeat the lecture.
Or, The professor is going to deliver the lecture for the second time.
Widow woman
Incorrect: The widow woman entered the room slowly.
Correct: The widow entered the room slowly.
Note: Widow শব্দের অর্থই হলো বিধবা (যে নারীর স্বামী গত হয়েছে) । তাই widow শব্দের সাথে আবার woman যোগ করার প্রয়োজন নেই। তবে noun ‘widow’-এর adjective ‘widowed’ বসলে তার পরে woman বসতে পারে।
The recently widowed woman is seeking employment.