Parts of Speech: Conjunction

Conjunction কাকে বলে?

A conjunction is a part of speech or word that connects –
- One word to another word.
- One word to another clause.
- One sentence to another sentence.

Conjunction হচ্ছে এমন শব্দসমূহ যারা এক শব্দকে অন্য শব্দের সাথে, এক শব্দকে অন্য clause এর সাথে বা এক Sentence কে অন্য Sentence এর সাথে সংযুক্ত করে।

The conjunctions are  and, but, or, for, nor, so, yet, because, if, whether, lest, unless, as, since, how, when, where, while, why, till, until, after, before, however, as soon as, though  and  than.

Example:

One word to another word:
- Rupom  and  Rifat are two brothers. (noun to noun)
- Rimi  and  you have done this work. (Noun to pronoun)
- You  and  I will go there. (Pronoun to pronoun)
- The old man sat down  and  wept. (verb to verb)
- We are sad  but  hopeful. (adjective to adjective)
- A cat moves slowly  and  silently. (Adverb to adverb)
- The bird flies through  and  through the sky. (preposition to preposition)

One word to another clause:
- He is  so  weak  that  he cannot walk.
- Such was her beauty  that  everybody loved her.

One sentence to another sentence:
- I trust him  because  he is honest.
- He says  that  he will do it.
- They will come  if  they are allowed here.
- It is a long time  since  I saw you last.
- You must wait here  until  your father comes back.
- I wish to know  whether  he will come or not.

There are different types of conjunctions:

- Coordinate Conjunction
- Subordinate Conjunction
- Correlative conjunction

Coordinate Conjunction:

Coordinate conjunctions such as  and, but, or, nor, for, so,  or  yet  are  used to join individual words, phrases and independent clauses.

Example:
- She stood first  and  got a prize.
- He is sad  but  hopeful.
- The snake is small  but  dangerous.
- You must read  or  you may fail in the examination.

Subordinate Conjunction:

The subordinate clause such as  since, because, although, as, until  etc. are  used to join an independent clause to a dependent clause.

The subordinate conjunctions are used before the dependent clauses. Dependent clause can be placed before or after the independent clauses.

Example:
- He never gives up  until  he wins.
-  Since  she had the headache, she did not go to work.
-  Though  he loved her cousin, he married another one.
-  Despite  calling several times, she never received a replay.

Correlative conjunctions:

Correlative conjunctions are pairs of conjunctions such as  both…and, either…..or, neither……nor  etc.  They are used in the sentences to link words, phrases and clauses.

Correlative conjunctions connect two words or phrases or clauses that have the similar structure and are grammatically similar. That means  nouns are linked to nouns, adjectives to adjectives, prepositional phrases to prepositional phrases.

Correlatives conjunctions are:
Both….and, either….or, neither….nor, not only….but also, so….that, such….that, no sooner….than, hardly….when, scarcely….when, else….than, else….but.

Example:
- He is  both  a fool  and  a knave. (noun to noun)
- She is  both  wise  and  good. (adjective to adjective)
- He must  either  work  or  go. (verb to verb)
- He behaved  neither  wisely  nor  kindly. (adverb to adverb)
- He is  so  tired  that  he cannot run.
-  Such  was her beauty  that  everybody loved her.
-  No sooner  had I sat down than they left the room.
-  Hardly  had I left the room  when  it began to rain.
-  Scarcely  had I left the room  when  it began to rain.
- She has  none  else  than  her mother.
- She has  none  else  but  her mother.