Abbreviation কি? Abbreviation এবং Acronyms এর পার্থক্য এবং বহুল ব্যবহৃত Abbr. এর তালিকা

Abbreviation এবং Acronym কি?

Abbreviation বা Acronym হল এমন একটি পদ্ধতি যার মাধ্যমে কোনো দীর্ঘ নাম বা বাক্যকে সংক্ষিপ্তভাবে প্রকাশ করা হয়। এই পদ্ধতির মাধ্যমে স্মার্ট এবং সহজ উপায়ে পুরো নাম বা বাক্য মনে রাখতে এবং প্রকাশ করতে সাহায্য করে, তাই ইংরেজি ভাষার কথ্য এবং লিখিত উভয় রূপেই এটি বহুলভাবে ব্যবহৃত হয়। 

মূলত, Abbreviation বা Acronym সাধারণত কোনো নাম বা বাক্যের প্রতিটি শব্দের প্রথম অক্ষর বা প্রথম কয়েকটি অক্ষরের সংমিশ্রণে গঠিত হয়।

Abbreviation or Acronyms is used to shorten a big name or a sentence. This technique is used in spoken conversation and written English because it is smart and easy way to remember or express the whole big name.

Basically, an Abbreviation or Acronyms is formed by the first letter or first some letters of the words of a name or sentence.

Abbreviation এবং Acronym-এর মধ্যে পার্থক্য

Acronyms ও এক ধরনের abbreviation কিন্তু এদের মধ্যে একটা পার্থক্য রয়েছে।

Abbreviation-এ প্রতিটি অক্ষর আলাদাভাবে উচ্চারণ করা হয় এবং একে পূর্ণ শব্দ হিসেবে পড়া হয় না।

অপরদিকে, Acronym-কে একটি শব্দ হিসেবে উচ্চারণ করা হয় এবং প্রতিটি অক্ষর আলাদাভাবে উচ্চারণ করা হয় না।

উদাহরণ:

FBI (Federal Bureau of Investigation) → এটি একটি Abbreviation, উচ্চারণ হয় “এফ-বি-আই”।

NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organization) → এটি একটি Acronym, উচ্চারণ হয় “নেটো”।

UN (United Nations) → Abbreviation, উচ্চারণ হয় “ইউ-এন”।

NASA (National Aeronautics and Space Administration) → Acronym, উচ্চারণ হয় “নাসা”।

The list of most common and useful abbreviations are given here-

Technology/ Computer Abbreviations:

• PDA – Personal Digital Assistance.

• ALU – Arithmetic Login Unit.

• RAM – Random Access Memory

• ROM –Read Only Memory.

• DVD – Digital Video Disk.

• CD –Compact Disk.

• CD-RW – Compact Disk Rewritable.

• ORM – Optical Mark Reader.

• USB – Universal Serial Bus.

• CAD – Computer Aided Design/Drafting.

• IPS – Instant Power System.

• UPS - Uninterruptible Power Supply

• AC- Alternating Current / Air Condition.

• DC – Direct Current.

• HP - Hewlett-Packard (A Company Name)/ Horse Power

• LASER – Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation

• RADER – Radio Detection And Ranging.

• ATM - Automated Teller Machine

• VoIP - Voice over Internet Protocol

Internet/ Web/Mobile Abbreviations :

• WWW- World Wide Web

• HTTP- Hyper Text Transfer Protocol.

• IP – Internet Protocol.

• GPRS- General Packet Radio Service.

• WAP - Wireless Application Protocol.

• SIM- Subscriber Identity Module.

• CDMA -Code Division Multiple Access.

• GSM-The Global System for Mobile Communications.

• EDGE -Enhanced Data Rates for Global Evolution.

• ISD – International Subscriber Dialing.

• FM- Frequency Modulation.

• ID – Identification.

• PIN - Personal Identification Number.

• CMS – Content Management System.

Organization/ Institute/ Business/Company/ Security  Abbreviations :

• DIG – Deputy Inspector General of Police.

• GM- General Manager.

• CEO - Chief Executive Officer.

• HRD – Human Resources Department.

• IBM – International Business Machine.

• ISO - International Organization for Standardization.

• ISD – International Subscriber Dialing.

• BBC – British Broadcasting Corporation.

• CNN -Cable News Network.

• ESPN – Entertainment and Sports Programming Network

• NATO – North Atlantic Treaty Organization

• SWAT - Special Weapons And Tactics

• SWOR - Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats ( Analysis method).

• SME - Small and Medium Enterprise.

• WHO - World Health Organization.

• NGO - Non-Governmental Organization.

• BDS -Business Development Services.

• BBC - British Broadcasting Corporation.

• EU - European Union.

• IRS - Internal Revenue Service

• NASA - National Aeronautics and Space Administration.

• NATO - North Atlantic Treaty Organization.

• UNICEF - United Nations Children's Fund.

• FBI – Federal Bureau of Investigation.

• CIA – Central Intelligence Agency.

• POP – Post Office Protocol.

Time/ Zone/ Area  Abbreviations :

• GMT - Greenwich Mean Time.

• GPS -Global Positioning System.

• AM- Ante Meridiem (Before noon, morning).

• PM – Post Meridiem (afternoon, evening).

• B.C. - Before Christ.

• EST - Eastern Standard Time.

• U.S.A. - United States of America.

Education/ Degree  Abbreviations:

• Ph.D.- Doctor of Philosophy

• MBBS – Medicinae Baccalaureus, Baccalaureus Chirurgiae (Bachelor of Medicine, Bachelor of Surgery)

• FCPS-Fellow of College of Physicians and Surgeons

• B.A- Bachelor of Arts

• BBA- Bachelor of Business Administration

• MBA- Master of Business Administration

• CSE- Computer Science & Engineering

• MCS- Master of Computer Science

• M.Sc.- Master of Science

• LL.B. -Bachelor of Laws

• BDS- Doctor of Dental Surgery or Doctor of Dental Science

• ACCA-Association of Chartered Certified Accountants.

• IELTS- International English Language Testing System

• ISBN - International Standard Book Number

Study/Reading/Writing Abbreviations:

• E.g- Exempli gratia ( Latin which means ‘for example’).

• N.B.- Note Bene (Note Well)

• etc.- et cetera (And so on)

• Govt. - Government.

• i.e. (or i.e. / I.E.)- "id est" (Latin which means “That is (to say)" or "in other words").

• IQ- Intelligence Quotient

• Q&A - Question and Answer

• DOB – Date Of Birth

• FAQ- Frequently asked Questions

Medical/ Health  Abbreviations :

• CBC –Complete Blood Count.

• ICU – Intensive Care Unit.

• CCU – Cardiac Care Unit.

• HIV -Human Immunodeficiency Virus.

• AIDS - Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome.

Weight/ Volume  Abbreviations :

• gal. - gallon

• lb - pound

• oz - ounce

• pt - pint

• qt - quart

• wt. - weight

• vol. – volume

• kg - kilogram

• km- kilometer

• m - meter

• mg - milligram

• mm – millimeter

• in. - inch

• ft - foot

• mi - mile

• yd - yard

SMS/ Texting/ Chat  Abbreviations :

• B4N - Bye for now

• ASAP - As soon as possible.

• NP - No problem

• TIC - Tongue in cheek

• OMG- Oh My God.

• KISS – Keep It Simple Stupid

• LOL – Laughing Out Loud

• BF – Boyfriend

• GF – Girlfriend

Miscellaneous  Abbreviations 

• VIP - Very Important Person

• IPL-Indian Premier League