Pronoun following Than
‘Than’ word-টি প্রকৃতপক্ষে conjunction না preposition এটা নিয়ে অনেকেবর মধ্যে confusion বা contradiction লক্ষ্য করা যায়। অনেকে মনে করেন যে, than হলো শুধু conjunction; তাই এরপরে pronoun-এর objective form বসানো যাবে না। আবার অনেকে মনে করেন, than হলো শুধু preposition, যার পরে pronoun-এর objective form-ই বসবে; subject form বসবে না। তবে প্রকৃতপক্ষে ‘than’ conjunction এবং preposition দুটিরই কাজ করে থাকে।
Murad is taller than I (am).
Conjunction
Murad is taller than me.
Preposition
The Rahman brothers are more reliable than they.
Conjunction
The Rahman brothers are more reliable than them.
Preposition
Both ….and
Both ….and হলো correlative conjunction. এরা দুটি parallel structure-কে যুক্ত করে।
Incorrect: The exam tested both listening and to read.
Correct: The exam tested both listening and reading.
Note: সমস্ত correlative conjunction-এর বেলায়ই উভয় পার্শ্বে সমজাতীয় parts of speech ব্যবহৃত হয়।
Nila plays both the violin and the guitar.
Noun Noun
Oasis writes both correctly and neatly.
Adverb Adverb
Incorrect: Omar speaks both English as well as Spanish at home.
Correct: Omar speaks both English and Spanish at home.
Note: Both-এর সাথে and-এর পরিবর্তে as well as লেখা যাবে না।
Incorrect: The weather on Sunday will be both sunny, warmer also.
Correct: The weather on Sunday will be both sunny and warmer.
Incorrect: We can use the bike both to ride to school also to go to the grocery store.
Correct: We can use the bike both to ride to school and to go to the grocery store.
Note: Both-এর সাথে and-এর পরিবর্তে also ব্যবহার করা যাবে না।
Both …and…. as well as
Incorrect: Both Mack, Jack, and Ken are going on the tour.
Correct: Both Mack and Jack as well as Ken are going on the tour.
Note: তিনটি parallel structure-কে যুক্ত করতে both….and….as well as ব্যবহৃত হয়।
Incorrect: My fiancée is both attractive and intelligent as well considerate.
Correct: My fiancée is both attractive and intelligent as well as considerate.
Note: As well as-এর পরিবর্তে কখনও as well ব্যবহার করা যাবে না।
Not …. but
Not... but এটা নয় … কিন্তু ঐটা। এখানে not-এর সাথে but-এর পরিবর্তে only, but only ব্যবহার করা ভুল।
Incorrect: To judge your friends, you should not listen to what they say but only observe what they do.
Correct: To judge your friends, you should not listen to what they say but observe what they do.
Incorrect: According to the coroner, she died not of injuries sustained in the accident, only of a heart attack.
Correct: According to the coroner, she died not of injuries sustained in the accident, but of a heart attack.
Incorrect: It was not the money only the principle that made me angry.
Correct: It was not the money but the principle that made me angry.
Affirmative Agreement- So- Too- Also
So, too, also এই তিনটি conjunction-ই affirmative agreement-এ একই অর্থে ব্যবহৃত হয়। তবে এদের অবস্থানের মধ্যে পার্থক্য রয়েছে। So বসে auxiliary verb-এর আগে আর too এবং also বসে auxiliary verb-এর পরে।
Incorrect: I am worried about it, and also is he.
Correct: I am worried about it, and so is he.
Or, I am worried about it, and he is also.
Incorrect: My friend likes to travel, and I am also.
Correct: My friend likes to travel, and so do I.
Or, My friend likes to travel, and I do too.
Or, My friend likes to travel, and I do also.
Incorrect: Taskeen Islam, my aunt writes scripts, and too do I.
Correct: Taskeen Islam, my aunt writes scripts, and I do too.
Incorrect: We are going to the concert, and so do they.
Correct: We are going to the concert, and so are they.
Or, We are going to the concert, and they are too.
Or, We are going to the concert, and they are also.
Negative Agreement- Either- Neither
এই structureটি না বাচক বাক্যে ব্যবহৃত হয়। Verb+ not এর পর either বসে আর neither-এর পরে verb বসে।
verb+ not+ either
neither+ verb
Incorrect: Moushumi hasn’t finished the assignment yet, and neither I have.
Correct: Moushumi hasn’t finished the assignment yet, and neither have I.
Or, Moushumi hasn’t finished the assignment yet, and I haven’t either.
Incorrect: If Sara won’t go to the party, either will he.
Correct: If Sara won’t go to the party, neither will he.
Or, If Sara won’t go to the party, he won’t either.
Incorrect: Jenn is not in agreement and neither do I.
Correct: Jenn is not in agreement and neither am I.
Or, Jenn is not in agreement and I’m not either.
Future Result- when
Incorrect: I will call you when I will return from my country.
Correct: I will call you when I return from my country.
Incorrect: When George will go to the state university, he will be a teaching assistant.
Correct: When George goes to the state university, he will be a teaching assistant.
Note: Future result উল্লেখ থাকলে when-এর পর present verb-এর পরিবর্তে will ব্যবহার করা উচিত না।